pros and cons of descriptive representationpros and cons of descriptive representation

Descriptive investigations, unlike other types of investigations, carry out their study without altering or manipulating any of the variables of the phenomenon, limiting themselves only to their measurement and description. The gender gap in Latin America: Contextual and individual influences on gender and political participation. Watch the livestream here: https://t.co/JVFHDCOYJv, Many of us look at conflict as something wed rather avoid than engage in confidently. The Journal of Politics features balanced treatments of research from scholars around the world, in all subfields of political science including American politics, comparative politics, international relations, political theory, and political methodology. 2. While it stands to reason that voters are more confident when candidates who areaffiliatedwith their political party win, what voters experience while casting a ballot can also contribute to their confidence in elections. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. Naturalistic observations were used by Charles Darwin during his research on chimpanzee; nonetheless, Charles Darwin was so fascinated by observing how primates and humans are acting in similar ways and having influence to another. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics (1997). Instead it tells us the what question what are the traits of the citizens or situation being studied? descriptive representation pros and cons - mitocopper.com descriptive representation pros and consupgrading kramer baretta specialupgrading kramer baretta special PDF The Symbolic Bene ts of Descriptive and Substantive Representation Being female, black, and possessing a more liberal ideology were associated with lower perceptions of fairness. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. Where Are Wind Turbine Blades Made In Texas? (1993). The research carried out in a national census is descriptive, since it is only interested in data such as the number of population, the salary they receive, or what class the household is, without making any kind of analogy between these. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. There are two ways to carry out a pre-experimental design, which are as follows: In the case of descriptive research, there are three techniques to carry it out: Observation is one of the most used techniques when conducting descriptive research. Descriptive research is the right choice when researchers want to describe a phenomenon or situation. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. Bridgett Kingis an associate professor and Director of the Master of Public Administration Program at Auburn University. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Erikson, R. S. (1978). (2015). Polit Behav 39, 3150 (2017). Advantages and disadvantages of List PR Instead we express these parameters as a range of potential numbers, along with a degree of confidence. To carry out a descriptive research, it is necessary to know in advance the variables that will be analyzed, since this type of research is not dedicated to the search for variables, but to their study. (2010). Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons (1995). McCrone, D. J. Engendering politics the impact of descriptive representation on womens political engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. frontiers in education conference 2022 0 items / $ 0.00. Under proportional representation, everyone would have an opportunity to have their views represented in their government in some way. Weissberg, R. (1978). Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. Proportional Representations Pros and Cons. Study designs Centre for Evidence-Based - University of Oxford 1996: 2). Solving problems for constituents, especially problems involving government officials. Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. In addition, it is possible to present a hypothesis and to expand the degree of knowledge about the event under investigation. For example, descriptive representation can contribute to the way in which citizens evaluate and interact with elected officials. American Journal of Political Science, 511535. pros and cons of descriptive representation. June 9, 2022 Posted by is bristol, ct a good place to live; To achieve this task, the researcher can choose between two different types of research designs, which have specific characteristics that differentiate them from each other. At the same time, greater inclusion can also lead toward higher levels of extremism within the government, while encouraging more gridlock if the political parties are unable to find a pathway toward compromise. The moderating effects of education and ideology Beyond differences based on race, education and ideological orientation are likely to moderate voter responses to MCs of different races in several ways. Article In addition, it obtains information on the phenomenon or situation to be studied, using techniques such as observation and survey, among others. 2. Gay, C. (2001). U. Overby, L. M., Brown, R. D., Bruce, J. M., Smith, C. E, Jr., & Winkle, J. W, III. Guinier, L. (1995). Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons pros and cons of descriptive representation - maxidress.store This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). Descriptive research can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. These descriptive representations reflect the usage characteristics of the end product, what the owner (s) are going to do with the end product, or how they will use it once they get it in their possession. Pantoja, A. D., & Segura, G. M. (2003). Current issues are now on the Chicago Journals website. With the scope of contemporary technology, we are able to access information from various studies that have occurred around the world. Descriptive research is often used to provide a snapshot of a population or phenomenon. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. However, what good representation should be is debated. tion rights. Incumbent. You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. Law and Society Review, 22, 103. PDF Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent That means the representatives are required to build consensus through compromise, which results in moderate, centrist policies instead of sliding to the left or the right. It reduces the effects of extremism in politics. Abney, F. G., & Hutcheson, J. D. (1981). Koch, J. In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Descriptive Representation In Congress | American Congress Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research PDF Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent Race, representation, and trust: Changes in attitudes after the election of a black mayor. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. Women and Public Policy Program Schwindt-Bayer, L. A., & Mishler, W. (2005). When black constituents have black representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives, theyrate their representativeshigher than blacks with white representatives. The case of the US courts. S congress has been recognized for being the most ethnically and racially, The Congress has a fair representation of minorities including Hispanic, Asians, Native Americans and blacks accounting for 22 percent of the total representation(Geiger, has been an increase in representation in comparison to how previous Congress was, Congress, minorities constituted 1 percent of the House. It can only describe a situation and cannot explain why something is happening. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. 2. One of the major challenges in providing quality representation comes from the desire to balance the will of the majority with the needs of political minorities. Some of the disadvantages of naturalistic observations is that the observers dont have control over the research and sometimes by not having control the research can be bad or the experiment itself can go wrong and something could happen to the observer or the observed. RT @Kennedy_School: According to a recent study by @HKS_PeopleLab researchers, including HKS's @ElizabethLinos, government communications c, Join @ipinst @swiss_un & @INTGenderChamps for a discussion on Using Innovation & Technology to Ad. The role of race, ethnicity, and party on attitudes toward descriptive representation. The concept of representation. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. consumed. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Social Science Quarterly, 86(2), 444462. A. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. https://www.linkedin.com/company/wappphks/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCII4gHJhDfpGjlojaME1bHQ, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/women-and-public-policy-program-seminar-s. Until a candidate reaches more than the set share of votes, no one is declared a winner. It can be an unstable form of government. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). (2011) and Berinsky etal. nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; So if we did a study on say How many gangs are in Los Angeles? This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. Higher levels of education were associated with higher perceptions of fairness. Race and turnout: Does descriptive representation in state legislatures increase minority voting? This information can be used to develop hypotheses for further research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. Pros and cons of working with samples. Some of the most important are listed below. Pitkin, H. F. (1967). 7. WAPPP Co-Director Iris Bohnet will be a featured panelist in the upcoming policy forum on Using Innovation and Technology to Advance Gender Equality" hosted by @ipinst, @swiss_un, and @INTGenderChamps. Hansen, S. B. The scholarship published in The Journal of Politics is theoretically innovative and methodologically diverse, and comprises a blend of the various intellectual approaches that make up the discipline. Journal of Politics, 66(2), 534556. Barnes, T. D. & Burchard, S. M. (2012). Rocha, R. R., Tolbert, C. J., Bowen, D. C., & Clark, C. J. The substantive results are unchanged when we run the analyses on each dependent variable separately. II. Descriptive representation in legislatures and political alienation among latinos. (2004). Gender & Conflict Gender Action Portal British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435457. To obtain quantitative information, statistical and numerical study methodologies are used, where information about values such as weight, scale and years, among others, is obtained. Descriptive research is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation. Even in countries that have encouraged proportional representation, some of the largest changes that have occurred in those societies happened when an absolute majority was present within the government. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representative's ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representative's ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. pros and cons of descriptive representation - kvkraigad.org 17 Pivotal Hydroelectricity Pros and Cons, 18 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of the Payback Period, 20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Leasing a Car, 19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Debt Financing, 24 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of a C Corporation, 16 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation, 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Gated Community, 17 Big Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups, 17 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Bonds, 19 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Annuities, 17 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising. 1999 The University of Chicago Press Hero, R. E. & Tolbert, C. J. pros and cons of descriptive representation They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . Google Scholar. An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). The closer assessment of pros and cons will. Pros: 1. Descriptive research can be used to classify the data collected in the study that is being carried out, separating them into different categories of description. - Volume 55 Issue 2. One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. It is for this reason that it can be said that a descriptive research is quantitative. Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.coms mechanical turk. It allows different voices to be heard. village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. When voters vote in person, poll workers are the street level bureaucrats charged with complying with local, state, and federal laws, setting up the polling location, checking voters in and verifying voter registration status, providing assistance and remedy when there are problems with the voting machines, responding to citizens concerns and questions, and closing the polling location. The Gender Action Portal (GAP) serves as an online tool for decision-makers across sectors. Desposato, S., & Norrander, B. More gridlock, instead of less, can be created, especially if more than two parties are involved in the coalition. Furthermore, it is applied only to a group, over which it has no control whatsoever. An American who represents themselves in court has a fool for a client, according to an old story told about former President Abraham Lincoln. As its name says, this way of investigating describes, it does not explain. In a proportional representation system, if the party wins 50% of the vote over 12 districts, then 6 seats would be awarded to them from the election results. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. They can determine results and guarantee their accuracy by manipulating and isolating certain variables, removing those that are extraneous and unwanted. We would also like to thank attendees at Vanderbilts Experimental Methods Speaker Series as well as anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Dawson, M. C. (1995). But conflict and disagreement can be quite beneficial. @HarvardHBS professor @francescagino. Constituency, party, and representation in Congress. However, descriptive research can also be limiting. This type of research is very useful when conducting studies, for example, when you want to know which brand of soda is most consumed in a supermarket, where you only want to know which is the most consumed, and not why it is the most consumed. There may even be safe states in U.S. presidential elections since most states award all electoral votes to the majority candidate. PubMedGoogle Scholar. While it has its pros and cons, it can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. Tyler, T. R. (1990). The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. In her classic work The Concept of Representation, Hanna Pitkin establishes four aspects of representation: formalistic, substantive, descriptive, and symbolic (Pitkin 1967).. Scholars normally define substantive representation as having one's policy views expressed by an elected . The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. The goal for this study is examine the decision of the prescribing provider when he is inform that a depress woman is pregnant. volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. Political Research Quarterly, 57(1), 8199. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- . In this article, we will explore the benefits and limitations of descriptive research and when it is the most appropriate research method to use. It is where the conceptual phase of the research, such as thestatement of the problem,meets theoperational phase, such as the method and instruments of the investigation. In this paper, we employ a novel experimental design to investigate how citizens feel about the relative importance of descriptive and substantive representation. How Do People React When They Encounter Problems While Voting? In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. In 2022, HKS doctoral student Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman published a critically acclaimed collection, The Black Agenda. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero The Women and Public Policy Program and the Harvard Kennedy School are located on the ancestral, traditional, and contemporary unceded homeland of the Massachusett people, the surviving descendants of the first people of Massachusetts and of the Neponset band of the Massachusett. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decisionmaking in their own right. Given the strikingly similar results we find in each of our studies, we are confident that our results are not a statistical artifact due to the relatively small number of African Americans in any one sample. RSVP required: https://t.co/WHADcFVR4h, RT @HarvardIOP: JUST ANNOUNCED: Join @AbigailDisney, @KathyHughesFilm, @RebeccaReCap, Artemis Bell, and @SharBlock next Tuesday as they dis. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more . The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires descriptive representation far more . Google Scholar. Representing black interests and promoting black culture: The importance of African American descriptive representation in the US House. 3. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research Archives - MIM Learnovate Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. They have no way of having that vote be represented. (2009). Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. In, Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research in which investigators measure two variables and, Free association is one of the methods most closely linked to the psychoanalysisof Sigmund Freud, All Rights Reserved | View Non-AMP Version, Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research, Observational study definition characteristics techniques, Methodological framework definition/structure/examples, What are Research questions how to approach a study examples, What is Correlational research characteristics types and examples, What is free association origin contents of the unconscious problems. Through rigorous research, we offer gender insights into work, politics, and conflict that have the potential to reduce or eliminate barriers so all people can fulfill their life aspirations unconstrained by gender bias. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Public Opinion Quarterly, 48(4), 741756. By using descriptive research in conjunction with other research methods, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of a particular topic or phenomenon. Amazons Mechanical Turk is an online system through which workers can complete short tasks for compensation. The collection of research focuses on experimental approachesboth in the field and in the laboratoryand draws from multiple disciplines, including economics, psychology, and organizational behavior. Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. One area of the voting experience that has received little attention isdescriptive representation. Political Research Quarterly, 63(4), 890907. Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe a population or phenomenon. We also demonstrate that the degree of descriptive representation desired is conditional on the nature of the policy being considered. Data from the 2016Survey of the Performance of American Elections(SPAE) was used to evaluate the relationship between descriptive representation and confidence. Interviews for the survey were conducted in all 50 states and the District of Columbia to represent the nation on several demographic characteristics including education, income, race, and partisanship. It can create political gridlock, just like in any other system of government. Sharing a racial identity with a member of Congress can also increase the likelihood of aconstituent contactingtheir member of Congress. Naturalistic Observation observing people in their natural setting. In the profession of Psychology, watching people, animals, possessions in an environment are called observation. 5. Being able to make a forecast of the weather that a particular child of that city plays. Wh, The failed NFL diversity rule corporate America loves, Practicing DEI: A Conversation with HKS Alums, International Womens Day Community Breakfast, Harvard Alumni Allyship Series: International Women's Day, But the Fellows Are Simply Diversity Hires! How Organizational Contexts Influence Status Beliefs, 3 Negotiation Myths Still Harming Womens Careers. Descriptive statistics comprises the statistical methods dealing with the collection, tabulation and summarization of data, so as to present meaningful information. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. The American Political Science Review, 57(1), 4556.
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